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COURSE
description
Drawing is the most essential design tool. Drawing facilitates
in developing your ideas and in communicating your design
concept with clients and other design professionals.
You will learn how to use drawing throughout the design
and production process for generating, analyzing and
representing forms, recording observations, exploring
and communicating ideas and expressing you creativity
at an introductory level. Basic methods for indicating
form, material, motion, space and light will be investigated
through a variety of drawing media.
INSTRUCTORS message: In this course you will learn how to handle drawing materials, concepts and methods and apply the knowledge to create assignments which express your design interests. Every student will generate different project(s) and you will learn from sharing numerous design/drawing examples.
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Course Learning Outcomes
• Demonstrate familiarity with basic
drawing tools, materials and methods
• Develop a basic knowledge of drawing theory,
principles and concepts
• Demonstrate a basic to intermediate level of
drawing ability
• Be able to translate both observations and ideas
into 2-dimensional work
• Develop the ability to make yourself understood
through sketches
• Demonstrate self expression and concept development
in your work
• Discuss drawing as a means of visual communication
of ideas
• Develop a basic knowledge of colour theory,
principles and concepts
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Course Method of Presentation
• Introduce basic drawing principles
and concepts through in-class lectures, discussions,
slide or visual presentations and practical demonstrations
• Develop technical and conceptual skills through
in-class studio projects, exercises and homework assignments
• Encourage group discussion and evaluation skills
with individual and group critiques
• Allow students hands-on practice with tools
and practical feedback to their work
• Present information regarding magazines, web
sites, books and other reference material to further
students knowledge
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List of basic drawing materials
Please bring drawing pad, newsprint, set of pencils
& natural charcoal to the first class.
• Cartridge or Newsprint Pad: 18 x 24”,
50 sheets
• All Purpose Drawing Paper pad 17” x 24”,
at least 80 lb, 25 – 50 sheets
• Various Pencils: HB, B, 2B, 4B, 6B, 8B
• Pencil Sharpener or Knife
• Various Erasers
• Compressed Chalk (sticks): Black, White, Grey
• Natural Charcoal: Willow (25 medium sticks)
• Conte Crayons: Black, White, Sanguine
• Fibre Tipped Drawing Pen
• India ink, mapping and drawing pen and penholder
• Watercolor brush (various sizes & shapes)
• Bulldog Clips
• Pushpins
• Scissors
• Masking tape
• Glue Stick
• Drawing/sketching journal (1 pocket-size, 1
regular size sketchbook)
• Tracing Paper
• Ruler and compass
• Set of water-based color pencils (12) or set of (12) soft pastels
Review & comparisons
of drawing papers here
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Course Content and Schedule
of Instruction
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Session
1
INSPIRATION- materials, sketching & composition
This class explores perceptive & observation skills in using to communicate the world around us via drawing. You'll get an orientation to your art materials, learning how to set up a drawing space and work with dry media. In the exercise, you'll practice creating different kinds of lines with pencil and charcoal and sharpen your observation skills through gesture drawings
INTRO: short history of drawing for design
MATERIALS: pencils, pens, erasers, markers, inks, drawing equipment, pepers and boards
Class TOPICS: rapid visualization, sketching, brainstorming ideas, thumbnailing
ASSIGNMENT : Look at the world around you and harves fresh ideas. Sketch 5 design proposals (one per day). Use various sketching techniques to devlop your ideas & bring to the next class.
LINKS on sketching: Moleskine journals online http://www.moleskinerie.com/ Artists sketchbooks
online here
Ellen Lupton- New Design Basics
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Session 2
FORM FOLLOWS LIGHT - Tone, Value, Texture and Colour
Separating light and dark or shadow areas will help to create the illusion of depth and volume. In this lesson, you'll examine how lighting conditions such location, direction, and angle of light can combine to affect the level of contrast and drama in your drawings. You'll learn how to look for the shadow edge and cast shadow in your still life subjects. In the exercise, you'll create value scales and still life value study drawings of your own.
Class TOPICS: form & structure, tone, volume, shading techniques, drawing texture
MATERIALS: charcoal, crayons & ink (pen & brush) on various drawing papers, colored pencils, soft pastels, felt pens on various papers
ASSIGNMENT : draw a sketch of a still life and use it to make a poster (select objects carefully to convey the meaning and/or tell the story)
LINKS: Tone in pencil and charcoal here Poster making tips here
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Session 3
BEYOND the GRID - Pictorial Space & Composition
Understanding of form defines how the elements of the composition can be viewed as fundamental geometrical shapes and objects. You'll also examine the principles & techniques of spatial projections to help integrate these ideas into your work along with techniques for using space, depth, and composition.
Class TOPICS: composition elements, spatial representations, plane.
MATERIALS: Fibre pens, color pencils (or pastels), ink wash, tracing paper, drawing pad.
ASSIGNMENT : use a perspective rendering of a city/scape focusing on atmosphere, to create a short cinematic storyboard (consisting of 6 frames)
LINKS: Perspective drawing
lessons here Storyboarding tips &
examples here
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Session 4
Figure drawing for DESIGN (illustration, stylization)
Human figure as design subject (life drawing form the model): In this class you will approach the human figure form ergonomic perspective. You will study individual body parts and various abstraction methods in order to apply the understanding of human body in design.
Class TOPICS: human body as inspiration for design.
MATERIALS: mixed media on variety of papers
ASSIGNMENT : make a study/drawing using human body as inspiration. Illustrate a story...or make a poster.
Figure drawing here tutorial
online figure in 3D
Various drawing techniques
& exampleshere
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Session 5
COLOUR THEORY for DESIGNERS
This lesson introduces basic color theory and techniques for design drawing (such as pencils, felts, color inks and pastel), exploring hue, value, temperature, and harmony. You will learn to mix and blend colors for realistic shades. In the exercise, you will use colored chalk/soft pastels to learn basic color mixing and consequently expand your skills by combining variety of color media and techniques.
Class TOPICS: RGB, CYMK, RBY and other colour theories for designers
ASSIGNMENT : make your own colour theory. Design a visual identity PACKAGE using your colour scheme.
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Session 6
Figure drawing for DESIGN - ergonomics
Human figure as design subject (life drawing form the model): In this class you will approach the human figure form ergonomic perspective. You will study particular body parts and various abstraction methods in order to apply the understanding of human body in design.
Class TOPICS: ergonomic principles, devices and
ASSIGNMENT : make/design an ergonomic device
LINKS: Ergonomics: blog here
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Session 7
CONCEPT DESIGN - mixed drawing media
In this session you will apply all your skills and knowledge to prepare the final project & presentation. You will use variety of drawing media and techniques, include a "hybrid" approach to design drawing (computer, collage, etc.). You will be given one-to-one feedback & critique, mimicking the design process with the client.
Class TOPICS: working with the client, design process, a hybrid approach to drawing, drawing as communication, portfolio (web, print)
MATERIALS : hybrid techniques, mixed drawing materials on various surfaces, collage, laptop
ASSIGNMENT : make a final design concept/proposal and prepare your final presentation & drawing portfolio
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Session 8
FINAL presentations + PORTFOLIO viewing (web or print)
FInal critique, including questions & answers
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IMPORTANT NOTES:
ALL ASSIGNMENTS AND IN-CLASS EXERCISES TO BE RETAINED
IN A PORTFOLIO AND RE-SUBMITTED TOGETHER WITH THE FINAL
ASSIGNMENT ON ITS DUE DATE. This is to allow a final
comprehensive term-end review of progress through the
term.
ALL ASSIGNMENTS MUST BE COMPLETED AND SUBMITTED TO RECEIVE
A FINAL GRADE.
ATTENDANCE MANDATORY EXCEPT WITH PRIOR PERMISSION OR
MEDICAL NOTE. 85% of classes must be attended to pass
(This means you can miss a max 2 classes).
Suggested Reading
Perspective! For Comic Book Artists, David Chelsea
Print Magazine
How Magazine
Ad Busters Magazine
Step-by-Step Magazine
Applied Arts Magazine
Communication Arts Magazine
Graphic Arts Guild, Handbook of Pricing and Ethical
Guidelines (available online at www.gag.org)
“The Ultimate Portfolio”, Martha Metzdorf,
North Light Books
Mendelowitz “A Guide to Drawing” 5th Edition
Terminology
Ideate
Ideation is the process of creating ideas. Within the
realm of product development, it often refers to the
creative component of the design process, in which solutions
are put forward, built upon, and used to spawn new solutions.
Ideation can involve many different techniques, and
different people find more success with some techniques
than with others. Typical methods of ideation include
brainstorming, sketching, problem dissection and analysis,
sketch modeling, and experimentation.
Brainsketch or Brainsketching
Brainsketching is a group creative method that uses
sketching and drawing to generate a large breadth and
quantity of ideas. An offshoot of brainstorming, a brainsketch
exercise involves each person in the group sketching
or doodling a concept solution to a particular problem.
After a time, each person passes his or her sketch to
the next person who then continues to build and grow
the idea. After a while, all ideas are pulled together
for evaluation and discussion.
Brainstorm or Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a classic creative technique that can
be employed in group settings. The goal of a brainstorm
exercise is to generate a large quantity of ideas and
solutions in a relatively short period of time.
Brainstorming should be a blue-sky, non-critical exercise
that encourages uninhibited thought. Thus, even ideas
that seem bad or silly should be shared during brainstorming.
Following the session, Reverse Brainstorming is used
to critique ideas and narrow the field of viable solutions.
Concept Development
Concept Development is the process of generating ideas
and problem solutions, building on those ideas, merging
ideas, and evolving ideas into more robust solutions.
Concept Generation
Concept Generation is the process of creating concepts
of solutions to problems. Within the realm of product
development, concept generation usually refers to the
element of concept development specifically associated
with creating new product ideas.
Creative Session
A creative session is a meeting specifically for the
purpose of exploring new creative territory within a
chosen subject matter. Typically, a creative session
will include many activities such as brainstorming,
problem analysis and dissection, brainsketching, and
reverse brainstorming.
Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the science of creating products, spaces,
and experiences to fit the natural tendencies of the
user, rather than forcing the user to conform to the
created product, space or experience.
Ergonomics is often a critical component to successful
product design. A consumer will often perceive a more
comfortable product as having more value. Ergonomically
appropriate products can help to build brand loyalty.
Focus Group
Focus groups are a common tool used for market research.
A focus group usually consists of a small group of people
within the target market of the concept being tested.
A facilitator guides the group through discussion or
interaction with the concept. These events can be very
valuable because of the outside opinions they provide,
and because of the ability to use the session to evaluate
the group's emotional responses to the products or experiences
being tested. .
Focus groups can be used to compare a variety of concepts
prior to production, for getting insight into the color
scheme preferences of the target market, and for answering
any number of other questions involving the target market's
response.
Form Follows Function
First coined by the American architect, Louis Sullivan,
at the end of the nineteenth century, the phrase "form
follows function" has become a mantra for many
product designers. The basic meaning of the phrase is
that the appearance, shape, and method of use of the
object (the form) should naturally be derived from the
intended purpose (function) of the object. Thus, a chair
should look like, work like, and feel like something
a person is to sit in.
Photo Realistic Rendering
A photo-realistic-rendering is a computer generated
flatwork illustration of an object or scene. These renderings
simulate lighting, materials, and environmental effects
to create the illusion of reality.
Often, it is necessary to present product concepts in
a realistic way before production has occurred. Ray-traced
photo-realistic renderings give designers the opportunity
to simulate reality even for early concepts
Aesthetics
Aesthetics is a philosophical concept which deals with
the notion of beauty. Since beauty is 'in the eye of
the beholder', it is not possible to quantify aesthetics.
An object, song, or experience that one individual finds
aesthetically pleasing, may be totally offensive to
another individual. This is among the reasons why our
society has so many different options in products, cuisine,
music, and other sensory experiences.
Product aesthetics
is a more specific subset of aesthetics. Products are
often referred to as having specific aesthetic characteristics,
such as a futuristic aesthetic, a feminine aesthetic,
etc. Product design seeks (among other things) to match
an appropriate aesthetic with the target consumer.
Design
Design is the act of creating a plan for something.
Within the realm of product development, design is the
process of converting a product need into plans for
a manufacture-ready product. Design in this sense can
be subdivided into a number of other fields including
primarily industrial design and design engineering.
Additional sub-categories include package design, interface
design, design for manufacture, ergonomic design, and
numerous other specialties.
For a product to be successful, the design of that product
usually should include industrial design (which focuses
on the user aspects of the product including form, aesthetics,
consumer appeal, ergonomics, etc.) and design engineering
(which focuses on the function and manufacturability
aspects of the product).
Product
Illustration
Product illustrations are two-dimensional 'flatwork'
representations of products. Typically, they show a
product's outward appearance and basic functionality.
A product illustration can take many forms, including
everything from simple sketches to sophisticated computer-generated
renderings.
Product Rendering
A product rendering is a flatwork illustration of a
product. Renderings typically have more depth than sketches,
and include light, shadow and color effects. A designer
can create renderings physically with paper and art
tools, or digitally using a variety of software.
Often, it is necessary to present product concepts in
a realistic way before production has occurred. Ray-traced
photo-realistic renderings give designers the opportunity
to simulate reality even for early concepts.
Product Semantics
Product semantics is a field of thought based on the
idea that a product's form should readily communicate
the function of the product. Thus, a product with good
product semantics would typically not require the user
to read a manual before beginning use.
To observe the principles of product semantics, a handle
should look like, and feel like something that is to
be turned, a knob should be something to be twisted,
and a button should obviously be pushable.
Product semantics has also been extended in some cases
to include the application of personality attributes
to products. For instance, the Volkswagon Beetle is
a ‘happy product’.
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